Children may not always view a new school year with enthusiasm, he said. Some may be naturally fearful. Any student can worry about learning the layout of a new school, being accepted or making passing grades.

"Kindergarteners may have the easiest adjustment," Smith said. "Pre- school programs are patterned after kindergarten, so the transition usually is fairly smooth."

When older children are in the family, many younger children can hardly wait to get on the bus with the big kids, he said.

Even so, children who are returning to school or moving on to a new school -- be it a middle or high school or a school in a new neighborhood or different town -- may benefit from some reassurance from their parents, said Smith, who offered these tips:

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